# Replication Data and Files for:
"How Civil Resistance Improves Inclusive Democracy"
Authors: Subindra Bogati, Titik Firawati, Jonathan Pinckney, Ches Thurber
Date: April 2024

For publication in *Perspectives on Politics*

Corresponding author: Ches Thurber (`ches.thurber@gmail.com` )

# Overview

The replication files produce all tables and figures appearing in the main text and Online Appendix of “How Civil Resistance Improves Inclusive Democratization,” as prepared for final publication in *Perspectives on Politics* in April 2024. The files consist of two `.Rmd` files containing  `R` replication code and two `.csv` files with the data needed to run the replication. Running the replication code for the main analyses will produce an HTML file that includes all tables and figures from the main text. Running the replication code for the Appendix will produce the appendix in full in PDF format. Alternatively, code can be run independently as "chunks" in the RStudio environment. 

A full description of variables is presented in the appendix in both PDF and `.Rmd` forms.

Please contact Ches Thurber (ches.thurber@gmail.com) with any questions regarding data and replication. Code for compiling the replication data from original sources can also be provided.

# Replication Files

Main Data File: `IncDemData_April2024.csv`
Data File for DiD in Appendix: `IncDemData_TSCS_April2024.csv`
Main Analyses Replication Code: `IncDem_MainPaper_Replication_April2024.Rmd`
Online Appendix Replication Code: `IncDem_Appendix_Replication_April2024.Rmd`


# Software Used

|Package      |Version |Citation                                       |
|:------------|:-------|:----------------------------------------------|
|base         |4.3.2   |@base                                          |
|ggeffects    |1.3.0   |@ggeffects                                     |
|kableExtra   |1.4.0   |@kableExtra                                    |
|knitr        |1.43    |@knitr2014; @knitr2015; @knitr2023             |
|modelsummary |1.4.2   |@modelsummary                                  |
|plm          |2.6.3   |@plm2008; @plm2017; @plm2018                   |
|rmarkdown    |2.24    |@rmarkdown2018; @rmarkdown2020; @rmarkdown2023 |
|sensemakr    |0.1.4   |@sensemakr                                     |
|tidyverse    |2.0.0   |@tidyverse                                     |
|vdemdata     |14.0    |@vdemdata                                      |

# Tables

All main text tables can be reproduced using the Main Analyses Replication Code (`IncDem_MainPaper_Replication_April2024.Rmd`) and the Main Data File (`IncDemData_April2024.csv`).

- Table 1: Average Changes in Inclusion Measures One Year and Five Years after Transition
- Table 2: OLS Regressions of Effect of Transition Type on Changes in Inclusion, Before vs. One Year After Transition
- Table 3: OLS Regressions of Effect of Transition Type on Changes in Women’s Political Representation and Mass Mobilization, Before vs. One Year After Transition
- Table 4: Average Changes in Inclusion Measures by Group Participation
- Table 5: Regressions of Campaign Participation and Transition Type

# Figures

All main text figures can be reproduced using the Main Analyses Replication Code (`IncDem_MainPaper_Replication_April2024.Rmd`) and the Main Data File (`IncDemData_April2024.csv`).

- Figure 1: Trends in Annual Averages of VDem Inclusion Measures, 1945-2014
- Figure 2: Coefficient estimates (marginal effects) from full models of civil resistance transition on change in inclusion measures from before to one year after transition. Coefficients represent how much greater an increase in inclusion is expected from a CRT as compared to a non-CRT.
- Figure 3: Expected changes in inclusion measures for CRTs versus non-CRTs, controls held at their means.
- Figure 4: Pairwise marginal effects of contrasts between CRTs that included participation from members of each excluded group, CRTs that did not, and non-civil resistance transitions. Participation is specific to the dimension being evaluated: i.e. the “gender” model codes for the participation of women, the “ethnicity” model for the participation of excluded ethnic groups, and the “class” model for class diversity.
- Figure 5: Expected changes in inclusion measures for CRTs with excluded group participation, versus without, versus non-CRTs. Participation is specific to the dimension being evaluated: i.e. the “gender” model codes for the participation of women, the “ethnicity” model for the participation of excluded ethnic groups, and the “class” model for class diversity.
- Figure 6: Changes to T-value for Civil Resistance Transition coefficient estimate from a hypothetical omitted confounder 1x/2x/3x as strong as the lagged dependent variable.

# Appendix

All appendix tables can be reproduced using the Online Appendix Replication Code (`IncDem_Appendix_Replication_April2024.Rmd`). Tables 1-34 use the Main Data File (`IncDemData_April2024.csv`). Tables 35-37 use the Data File for DiD in Appendix (`IncDemData_TSCS_April2024.csv`).